Transliteration
The transliteration follows the rules established by the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, as submitted to the 19th International Congress of Orientalists held in Rome in 1935.
The only two exceptions are the following: a) the diphthongs are transliterated as aw and ay; b) the lām of the article is always retained. Furthermore, when the ridge, or kursī, of b, t, ṯ, n, and y, is unpointed in the Arabic source manuscript(s), it is reproduced in the transliteration by an ‘x’.
| # | Letter | Name | Latin (mono) | Latin (double) | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | آ | Alif | ʾ | a | 1 |
| 2 | ﺏ | Bā | b | b | 2 |
| 3 | ﺕ | Tā | t | t | 400 |
| 4 | ﺙ | Thā | ṯ | th | 500 |
| 5 | ﺝ | Dschīm | ǧ | j | 3 |
| 6 | ﺡ | Ḥā | ḥ | hh | 8 |
| 7 | ﺥ | Chā | ḫ | kh | 600 |
| 8 | ﺩ | Dāl | d | d | 4 |
| 9 | ﺫ | Dhāl | ḏ | dh | 700 |
| 10 | ﺭ | Rā | r | r | 200 |
| 11 | ﺯ | Zāin | z | z | 7 |
| 12 | ﺱ | Sīn | s | s | 60 |
| 13 | ﺵ | Schīn | š | sh | 300 |
| 14 | ﺹ | Sād | ṣ | ss | 90 |
| 15 | ﺽ | Dād | ḍ | dd | 800 |
| 16 | ﻁ | Ṭā | ṭ | tt | 9 |
| 17 | ﻅ | Zā | ẓ | zz | 900 |
| 18 | ﻉ | ʿAin | ʿ | c | 70 |
| 19 | ﻍ | Ghain | ġ | gh | 1000 |
| 20 | ﻑ | Fā | f | f | 80 |
| 21 | ﻕ | Qāf | q | q | 100 |
| 22 | ك | Kāf | k | k | 20 |
| 23 | ﻝ | Lām | l | l | 30 |
| 24 | ﻡ | Mīm | m | m | 40 |
| 25 | ﻥ | Nūn | n | n | 50 |
| 26 | ﻩ | Hā | h | h | 5 |
| 27 | و | Wāw | w | w | 6 |
| 28 | ي | Yā | y | y | 10 |