Transliteration

The transliteration follows the rules established by the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, as submitted to the 19th International Congress of Orientalists held in Rome in 1935.

The only two exceptions are the following: a) the diphthongs are transliterated as aw and ay; b) the lām of the article is always retained. Furthermore, when the ridge, or kursī, of b, t, ṯ, n, and y, is unpointed in the Arabic source manuscript(s), it is reproduced in the transliteration by an 'x'.

Arabic Transliteration Table

Order Arabic Character Arabic Name Latin Mono Latin Double Latin Buckwalter Value
1 آ‎ Alif ʾ a 1
2 ﺏ‎ Bā b b b 2
3 ﺕ‎ Tā t t t 400
4 ﺙ Thā ṯ th v 500
5 ﺝ‎ Dschīm ǧ j j 3
6 ﺡ‎ Ḥā ḥ hh H 8
7 ﺥ‎ Chā ḫ kh x 600
8 ﺩ‎ Dāl d d d 4
9 ﺫ‎ Dhāl ḏ dh * 700
10 ﺭ‎ Rā r r r 200
11 ﺯ‎ Zāin z z z 7
12 ﺱ‎ Sīn s s s 60
13 ﺵ‎ Schīn š sh $ 300
14 ﺹ‎ Sād ṣ ss D 90
15 ﺽ‎ Dād ḍ dd T 800
16 ﻁ‎ Ṭā ṭ tt T 9
17 ﻅ‎ Zā ẓ zz Z 900
18 ﻉ‎ ʿAin ʿ c E 70
19 ﻍ‎ Ghain ġ gh g 1000
20 ﻑ Fā f f f 80
21 ﻕ‎ Qāf q q q 100
22 ك‎ Kāf k k k 20
23 ﻝ‎ Lām l l l 30
24 ﻡ‎ Mīm m m m 40
25 ﻥ‎ Nūn n n n 50
26 ﻩ‎ Hā h h h 5
27 و‎ Wāw w w w 6
28 ي‎ Yā y y y 10